What causes geomagnetic storms?
Solar storms induce geomagnetic storms.
The sun's magnetic field undergoes a periodic reversal, flipping its polarity in an approximately 11-year cycle. This process is associated with various solar phenomena, such as sunspots, flares, and coronal mass ejections (CME)🗗.
When a CME enters the magnetosphere, it causes a Geomagnetic Storm
Figure 2: Interaction Between Earth's Magnetosphere and Solar Activity
Figure 2: Interaction Between Earth's Magnetosphere and Solar Activity
The project "Understanding HF Propagation" provides a detailed overview and tutorials on HF propagation.