Calculating the prototypical filter requires knowing the order of the filter. It is possible to select an order based on past experience. There is a formula based on the corner frequency and the amount of attenuation desired at a selected frequency in the stop band. From time to time this version of the formula is given: Another variation has this denominator |
The formula for order determination is sometimes shown as The terms fc and fs are self explanatory in the case of low pass filters. Some allowances must be made for high pass filters so that fs is the larger quantity, so the variables are renamed. In the case of band pass filters, fs is the stop bandwidth and fc is the pass bandwidth. This is done so that fs is the larger quantity. For band stop (and notch) filters, fs the stop bandwidth and fc is the the "attenuation bandwidth," called that for want of a better expression. See the information and illustrations contained in the Help - Data Entry section of the main menu. Once the order, n, is known it is possible to generate a table of values si according to the following: |
The prototype values for an nth order filter with equal input and output termination resistances is given by the following recursion formulae: |
where Xi is the reactance value in either Henries or Farads, and where
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