Field Day Entry
Entry received at: 2023-07-11 18:10:38
Call Used: W4DAK GOTA Station Call:
KO4YOL ARRL/RAC Section: NFL Class: 3F
Participants: 6 Club/Group Name: Dixie
Amateur Radio Klub
Power Source(s): Generator
Power Multiplier: 2X
PRELIMINARY
TOTAL SCORE: 2,194
Bonus Points:
100% emergency power 300
Media Publicity 100 -
Public location 100
W1AW Field Day message 100 -
Site visit by invited served agency 100
Social media 100
GOTA Station 10
Entry submitted via web 50
Total bonus points 860
Score Summary: (File [W4DAKdupe.dup]
previously uploaded)
CW Digital Phone Total
Total QSOs 176 60 195
Total Points 352 120 195 667 Claimed
Score = (QSO points x power mult) = 1,334
Submitted by: Fred O. Lewis, KO4YOL
[email protected]
This years Field Day will be at
Gilchrist EOC June
24-25-2023
1. What is Field Day?
Field Day is a competitive
event sponsored by the American Radio Relay League (ARRL). The objective is for
participating individuals and organizations to:
Stations can be contacted
on any or all of the amateur bands (except for the 10, 18 and 24 MHz “WARC”
bands) during the 27 hour operating period
(1800 UTC Saturday through 2059 UTC Sunday). There are limitations on how much
of the 27 hour period may be used depending
upon when station setup is begun. Field Day is normally conducted on the fourth
full weekend in June of each year. This is usually, but not
always, the last full weekend.
Competition is open to all
United States and Canadian amateurs, including the Yukon and Northwest
Territories. Foreign amateur stations may be contacted for credit, but they are
not eligible to compete.
Emphasis is placed on
learning to operate under simulated emergency conditions and acquainting the
public with amateur radio. The scoring structure provides bonus points to
prevent the die-hard contesters from
ignoring the public and emergency preparedness aspects of the event.
1. How is
the DARKlub involved?
The DARKlub conducts Field Day as a
multipurpose event. It provides an opportunity to expose the public to amateur
radio. It is the major social event of the year for the
club. It provides an opportunity for “friendly” competition with other ARRL
affiliated clubs throughout the country. And it provides an opportunity for
learning new skills related to station setup and operating, especially under
adverse or emergency conditions.
The
club’s Field Day activity is publicized in the local media to alert the public
to the event and its location. Club members conduct informal tours of the
operating stations and answer questions regarding the Field Day operation and
ham radio for non-ham visitors.
Socializing
competes heavily with the actual Field Day related operating activities..
The
DARKlub participates in “Class A,” (one of several categories of competition)
which is for club and non-club portable operation. In this class, stations must
be set up at locations that are not regular station locations. Additionally,
use of facilities or structures permanently installed for Field Day are
prohibited.
Beginning
at 1800 UTC on the Friday before the Field Day operating period, club members
will raise antennas, prep generators and
prep site. Saturday morning. shelter (tents/camping trailers) set up for
stations. The transformation is complete by the time the operating period
begins 24 hours later. Because the club begins setup on Friday, operating time
is limited to 24 hour period.
Preparations
for Field Day actually begin, each year, about
three to four months before the event. A series of planning meetings are
conducted by the volunteer Field Day “Incident Commander”. No one individual
could possibly handle all of the arrangements necessary to pull off a
successful Field Day . Other volunteers
assume the responsibility for various areas of preparation. The planning
meetings provide a forum to report on progress, discuss problems encountered
and sharing ideas for improving club
performance.
Early in
the planning stage, one individual assumes the responsibility as “Station
Master” for each station that will be operating during Field Day. Typically,
there will be a station master for each band and/or mode planned for use. In
some cases, such as “VHF,” one individual may assume the responsibility for
several bands and/or modes.
As the
title implies, the Station Master is the “Master” of a station; with the
responsibility of ensuring that all required equipment, supplies, and immediate
area facilities are available and operational at the start of the operating
period. Further, the Station Master must arrange for primary and relief
operators needed to maintain operations during the full 24-hour operating
period.
A sample
checklist is attached that should be helpful to the Station Master. For the
most part the items listed are the minimum items needed, although some
adjustments may be made depending on the experience level and preferences of the
station operators. One “item” often overlooked is a tool kit containing
sufficient tools to perform minor electronic and electrical repairs, such as
replacement of cable connectors.
The
DARKlub uses computer logging for all of the high volume stations.
In addition to making the job of logging much easier during the contest, it
makes the post-contest job of score calculation and double checking for
duplicate contacts much easier. Before computer logging, dupe checking and
scoring took weeks of effort by several people. Since all logs are computerized
using the same logging software (“CT” by K1EA), the merging of logs, duping,
and preparing the formal entry is accomplished in a matter of a few hours by
one person.
The
preferred computer type for Field Day is a laptop Windows 10 or better. If
provisions for an external monitor and/or keyboard are included, so much the
better for ease of use.
The
software used is copyrighted, and strict procedures are followed to ensure that
unauthorized copies are not distributed. Prior to the start of the operating
period, a single revision level copy of the software is installed on the
logging computers by one designated individual. Immediately following the
operating period, the same individual collects the log files.
3. Electromagnetic
Interference.
Minimizing
interference between many stations operating simultaneously within such a small
geographic area (all stations must be within a 1000 foot diameter
circle) is a major technical challenge. There are many things that must be
considered to keep the interference level down to a point that other stations
can be heard and contacted. Selection of transceivers and antennas, location of
towers, orientation of antennas, assignment of stations to towers, all must be
considered. Even with power being limited to the 100
watt class, as we do, interference can be a serious and frustrating
problem in a multi-transmitter environment.
Use of
transceivers that exhibit a minimum of transmitter “phase noise” is very
important. Transmitters with high phase noise broadcast broadband noise across
large sections of the spectrum that cannot be filtered out by nearby receivers.
Even though the transmitters may comply with FCC requirements, the small
distances involved at the Field Day site can result in locally generated noise
being much higher than the signal level of the stations that are being worked.
There are several models of solid state, synthesized transceivers that are
notorious for their phase noise. Newer transceivers have been improved as this
type of problem has become more well known.
On the
receiver side, transceivers with a “bullet proof” front end are essential. With
the potential for more than a 5 transmitters being
on the air at the same time that one station is trying to hear a weak signal,
the receiver must be able to tolerate very high “out of band” RF levels without
generating (internally) unacceptable intermodulation products. Certainly the preferred complement of transceivers would be in the classes of the IC-781
or IC-765. To minimize internal receiver intermodulation, receiver RF
amplifiers (preamplifier) should be switched OFF. If the
receiver has a built in, selectable attenuator; try adding 10 dB of attenuation
while watching the receiver’s S-meter. If the S-meter reading drops more than
10 dB when the attenuator is switched in, the receiver front end is
“overloaded,” and you will probably be able to copy stations (even weak ones)
with the attenuator..
By the
way… unless that fluorescent desk lamp that you’re thinking about using has
been proven to be “quiet,” leave it home and grab an incandescent table lamp!
As
stated previously, the object during Field Day operation is to log valid
contacts with as many other stations as possible during the allowed operating
period. A valid contact requires exchanging callsigns and additional
information consisting of the station's operating class and their ARRL/Canadian
section.
The
class is composed of a number and a letter. The number signifies the total
number of transmitters operated. Over ninety-eight percent of Field Day
operations use between 1 and 6 stations,
with the higher numbers rarely heard. Less than one half of one percent operate
in the double-digit categories. Prior to 1998 you were allowed one phone and
one CW (or digital) station per amateur band. Beginning in 1998, the digital modes are allowed as a separate mode. This
raised the maximum number from 46 to 69. The letter (A, B, C, D, or E)
signifies the type of operation. “A” is a club or group of 3 or more amateurs
operating portable with emergency power (generator, battery, etc.). “B” is used
by one or two people operating portable with emergency power. Class A and B
stations have a subcategory, Battery, where operation is QRP (less than 5
Watts) and entirely from batteries. “C” is used by mobile stations. “D” is used
by home stations operating from their normal commercial power source. “E” is a
home station operating with emergency power. This list can be found in the
operating aids included in the Primer.
The class in which the W4DAK will operate
during the 2023 Field Day will be determined a few weeks before the event.
In Question 2016 Was the last year (The Club) did field day was 2016. I found records for 1a station. W4DAK, 163
contacts, above 5 but less the 150 watts, 3 personal, 676 total points
Phone. On
phone, in response to hearing another stations "CQ,"
you respond with the full callsign W4DAK) being used by the
club for Field Day. If the station you call hears you, he will respond giving your callsign and his exchange
information. You enter the information in the log and respond with your exchange
information including callsign. On CW, the process is the same. A typical
"search and pounce" contact would go as follows:
|
|
Phone |
CW |
|
He calls |
CQ Field Day Alpha Bravo Four
November Charlie |
CQ CQ FD
de AB4NC |
|
You would respond |
Whiskey 4 Delta Alpha Kilo |
W4DAK |
|
He answers with |
W4DAK Three Alpha North Carolina |
W4DAK 3A NC |
|
You complete your part with |
Three Alpha North Florida, W4DAK |
3A NNFL W4DAK |
|
He confirms and moves on... |
Roger, QRZ Alpha Bravo Four November
Charlie |
“TU QRZ AB4NC" or "TU
AB4NC" |
When
"running" a frequency (staying on the same frequency and calling CQ),
roles are reversed from the above and would go like this:
|
|
Phone |
CW |
|
You make a general call |
CQ Field Day, CQ Field Day Whiskey 4
Delta Alpha Kilo |
CQ FD W4DAK |
|
You listen...and hear |
W4DAK here is Alpha Bravo Four
November Charlie |
AB4NC |
|
You respond |
Whiskey 4 Delta Alpha Kilo three
Alpha North Florida |
W4DAK 3A NFL |
|
He answers |
“Three Alpha North Carolina" or “Three Alpha North Carolina AA4NC” |
"3A NC" or “3A NC AB4NC” |
|
You confirm and move on |
Roger, QRZ Whiskey 4 Delta Alpha
Kilo |
TU W4DAK |
|
You listen, and if no one answers,
repeat |
CQ Field Day, CQ Field Day Whiskey 4
Delta Alpha Kilo |
CQ FD W4DAK |
To
maximize the number of contacts, there are several practices that should be
followed.
Call
CQ. Most of the Field Day participating stations will be
"casual" operations whose goal may be to work their last needed state
for Worked All States or 5-Band Worked All States. These stations will not be
calling CQ! They will be tuning the bands "searching and pouncing" on
stations that they need to achieve their individual goals. The ONLY way
to log a contact with one of these stations is to keep "W4DAK" on the
air to be heard and called by them.
Keep
your calls and listening periods short. Don't make stations wait for you to end
a long winded "CQ." Give them frequent opportunities to call you.
Similarly, allow enough time for someone to begin a response before calling
again, but don't wait longer than necessary. Timing this properly takes some
practice. On CW, using QSK if available on the transceiver allows you to catch
the "slow starter."
It is
tough to know when to stop CQing and go to
a "search and pounce" mode of operation. There are a few stations,
serious competitors, in the 2 to 6 station classes that may not do much, if
any, "search and pounce" operation. If the rate at which you are
getting calls drops off, there may be another station on your frequency that
you can't hear (and can't hear you) because of propagation. If the adjacent
frequency is clear, you may want to move up or down a bit and try there.
Otherwise, a quick pass through the band "searching and pouncing" may
be more productive, at least until you can find a new frequency to camp out on,
and...you know...call "CQ!"
When you
are in the "search and pounce" mode, the logging program's
"CHECK PARTIAL" feature is invaluable for identifying stations worked
before. As soon as you have typed at least 2 characters in the CALL field, a
list of all calls in the log containing that character sequence will be
displayed. As additional characters are entered, the list is updated.
Even
after operating in many contests, the decision of when to "search and
pounce" is a difficult one, and always subject to second guessing
afterwards. If in doubt....call "CQ!"
Don't Ragchew. Even though Field Day is a
somewhat "laid back" contest, don't fall to the temptation to ragchew, especially if you have been receiving one or more
responses to each CQ call. The serious competitor will not wait for you to
finish chatting! He will recognize that he could log 2, 3 or more contacts
while he waited (and possibly you could also have logged as many more!). We may
get more people wanting to ask questions based on the June 99 QST article. Be
polite, but don't waste time.
Keep
your transmissions short. Not only to save your
voice but to save time for other contacts, keep the content of your
transmissions short and limited to only the essential information. It is not
discourteous to omit "73" from the end of each contact. If you are
"searching and pouncing," you need not formally acknowledge receipt
of the "CQing" stations information but
need only to respond with your own. If you didn't catch all
of his information, a simple "AGAIN?" on phone, or
"?" on CW should be enough to get the information repeated before you
give your portion of the exchange.
Use the
full callsign. When "searching and pouncing" always call the
station using your full callsign, never use just the
last two letters. No competent operator working a frequency wants to have to
ask anyone to repeat their call if they can copy it initially. They can't copy
it if you don't give it! The two letter "call" is very poor operating
practice at any time, regardless of how often you may hear it in DX pile ups.
Don't
bother duping during the operating period. If you
are stuck using a paper log, follow the advice about CQing to
the limit, and don't waste time checking to see if a station calling you has
been logged before. Let the stations calling
you do the duping during the contest. If you follow the advice to call CQ
throughout the contest, your dupe rate will be no worse than if you used one
and you will log more contacts.
Rework
"dupes" that call you. Even if you have worked him before, it is faster to work him again and
indicate "dupe" in the log than it is to discuss it. There is no
score penalty for working a station more than once on a band, as long as points are not claimed for the duplicate
contact(s).
Always
end with your callsign. It is very frustrating to
be rapidly tuning across a band, "searching and pouncing" and hear a
"CQ" or "TEST" and then silence. You know the station is
looking for contacts, but who is it? You have to make
a quick decision whether to wait for the station to call again; to call him
"blind," not knowing whether you have worked him
before; or to move on without calling him.
Either
of the first options are time consuming and
utterly wasted if you have worked before.
Frankly,
the best option for maximum time efficiency is to quickly store the frequency
in memory and move on. Check back later, (switching between Memory and VFO
modes) in between other contacts. Don't force these measures on others or lose
needed contacts...always end with the callsign!
"QRZ W4DAK" not "W4DAK
QRZ"
4. N3FJP Logging Software Basics
1. https://youtu.be/DJEIXuoKWqc
5. Summary/Operating
Aids
1. Some food for thought.
In 1995,
using N1NH, we recorded the high score (21,648 points) for all participants. In
1996 we again were high score (21,756 points). In 1997, for the third time in a
row, N1NH again recorded high score (22,080
points). In 1998, for an unprecedented four times in a row, this time using the
new club callsign of N1FD we came in high score (26,274 points). In 1999 we are
the target that others will be out to beat! And we've had lots of exposure from
the June 99 QST article describing out setup.
We can win again! And... we don’t need to operate QRP/battery to do it! In case
you are curious, the overall record score for Field Day was set by K6CAB
operating 15A (battery powered) in 1994, with a score of 30,150 points.
However,
lest we get too proud of ourselves, the number 2 scoring station in 1998 was
W3AO running 4 Alpha! Their score of 19,366 was only 6,908
points behind us. That difference equates to only 70 CW QSOs/Hour. And they did
it with only 15 people!. If we scale that up
to the 87 people we had for 1998 we would
have scored 152,389 and made over 50 thousand QSOs. We certainly do a lot
better.
2. Station Master Checklist
|
Item |
Source |
Chk |
Item |
Source |
Chk |
|
Shelter (tent, camper) |
|
|
Table |
|
|
|
Rug to protect tent floor |
|
|
Chairs (2) |
|
|
|
Antenna |
|
|
Desk Lamp |
|
|
|
Coaxial Cable |
|
|
Notepad |
|
|
|
Transceiver |
|
|
Pencils/Pens |
|
|
|
Memory Keyer or
Voice Keyer |
|
|
Flashlight |
|
|
|
Keyer Paddles or Microphone |
|
|
Spare Batteries for flashlight |
|
|
|
Headphones (2 sets) |
|
|
50-ft (#12 or heavier) extension
cord |
|
|
|
Y-Adapter (for headphones) |
|
|
Multi-outlet surge protected
power strip |
|
|
|
Computer System or Log Sheets |
|
|
Insect repellent |
|
|
|
Dupe sheets (if no computer) |
|
|
Electrical tool kit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.
4. Field Day Entry Categories
Exchange
is Operating Category and ARRL/CRRL Section.
Class Meaning Example
A
Portable: 3 or more amateurs 4A - 6 amateurs with 4
radios out in a field somewhere
B
Portable: 1 or 2 amateurs 2B - 2 amateurs with a radio each,
C
Mobile: Car, boat, plane 1C - Most contacts with amateurs in cars
D Home:
Regular power 1D - The casual operator from home
E Home:
Emergency Power 2E - Two transmitters at home on emergency power
F EOC: 3
or more amateurs 3F at EOC
5. ARRL / Canadian Section designators
|
ARRL/Canadian Sec |
Abbr. |
Prefixes, alternates |
ARRL/Canadian Sec |
Abbr. |
Prefixes, alternates |
|
Alabama |
AL |
AL |
North Texas |
NTX |
NT |
|
Alaska |
AK |
AK, KL7 |
Northern Florida |
NFL |
NFL |
|
Alberta |
AB |
ALT, ALB, AB, VE6 |
Northern New Jersey |
NNJ |
NNJ, NN, NJ |
|
Arizona |
AZ |
ARI, AZ |
Northern New York |
NNY |
NNY |
|
Arkansas |
AR |
AR |
NYC-Long Island |
NLI |
NY, NL |
|
British Columbia |
BC |
BC, VE7 |
Ohio |
OH |
OH |
|
Colorado |
CO |
CO |
Oklahoma |
OK |
OK |
|
Connecticut |
CT |
CT, CN, CON |
Ontario |
ON |
ON, VE3 |
|
Delaware |
DE |
DE, DL |
Orange |
ORG |
ORG, ORA |
|
East Bay |
EB |
EB |
Oregon |
ORE |
OR |
|
Eastern Massachusetts |
EMA |
EM |
Pacific |
PAC |
PAC,HAW,HI,GU |
|
Eastern New York |
ENY |
EN |
Province of Quebec |
PQ |
PQ, QU, VE2 |
|
Eastern Pennsylvania |
EPA |
EP |
Puerto Rico |
PR |
PR, KP4 |
|
Eastern Washington |
EWA |
EW |
Rhode Island |
RI |
RI |
|
Foreign, except Canada |
DX |
DX |
Sacramento Valley |
SV |
SV, SAC |
|
Georgia |
GA |
GA |
San Diego |
SDG |
SDG |
|
Idaho |
ID |
ID |
San Francisco |
SF |
SF, SANF |
|
Illinois |
IL |
IL |
San Joaquin Valley |
SJV |
SJV, SANJ |
|
Indiana |
IN |
IN |
Santa Barbara |
SB |
SB |
|
Iowa |
IA |
IO, IA |
Santa Clara Valley |
SCV |
SCV |
|
Kansas |
KS |
KA, KS |
Saskatchewan |
SK |
SA, SK, VE5 |
|
Kentucky |
KY |
KY, KTY |
South Carolina |
SC |
SC |
|
Los Angeles |
LAX |
LAX |
South Dakota |
SD |
SD |
|
Louisiana |
LA |
LA, LOU |
South Texas |
STX |
ST |
|
Maine |
ME |
ME, MAI |
Southern Florida |
SFL |
SFL |
|
Manitoba |
MB |
MB, MA, VE4 |
Southern New Jersey |
SNJ |
SNJ, SN |
|
Maritime Provinces |
MAR |
MAR,MR,NFD, NB, PEI,
LAB, NS, VE1 |
Tennessee |
TN |
TN, TEN |
|
Maryland-DC |
MDC |
MD, DC |
Utah |
UT |
UT |
|
Michigan |
MI |
MI |
Vermont |
VT |
VT |
|
Minnesota |
MN |
MIN, MN |
Virgin Islands |
VI |
VI, KP2, KV4 |
|
Mississippi |
MS |
MIS, MS |
Virginia |
VA |
VA |
|
Missouri |
MO |
MO |
West Texas |
WTX |
WT |
|
Montana |
MT |
MON, MT |
West Virginia |
WV |
WV |
|
Nebraska |
NE |
NE |
Western Massachusetts |
WMA |
WM |
|
Nevada |
NV |
NEV, NV |
Western New York |
WNY |
WNY |
|
Newfoundland-Labrador |
NL |
VO1, VO2 |
Western Pennsylvania |
WPA |
WP |
|
New Hampshire |
NH |
NH |
Western Washington |
WWA |
WW |
|
New Mexico |
NM |
NM |
Wisconsin |
WI |
WI, WS |
|
North Carolina |
NC |
NC |
Wyoming |
WY |
WY |
|
North Dakota |
ND |
ND |
Yukon, Northwest Terr. Nunavut |
YU |
YU, NW, VE8, NUN, VY0 |
6. N3FJP Logging Software Quick
Reference Guide
ESC Clear entry fields or stop CW
transmission
Up and
Down Arrow keys change CW speed
Alt
+ C Clear entry fields
Alt
+ N Net Manager Form (AC Log
Only)
Alt
+ P Spot Last
Alt
+ R Reloads all fields from last
entry
Alt
+ S Search (AC Log Only)
Ctrl
+ B Backup Options
Ctrl
+ D DX Spotting Setup
Ctrl
+ E Band Map
Ctrl
+ F Frequency Change
Ctrl
+ H Notes List (with a call in
the Call field)
Ctrl
+ I Frequency Privileges
Ctrl
+ K CW Keyboard Buffer
Ctrl
+ L Country List
Ctrl
+ M Net Manager (AC Log Only)
Ctrl
+ N Network Status Display
Ctrl
+ O Shortcut List
Ctrl
+ P Phone Setup
Ctrl
+ Q Edit Contact
Ctrl
+ R Rig Interface Setup
Ctrl
+ S Setup
Ctrl
+ T Statistics
Ctrl
+ W CW Setup Form
Ctrl
+ X Quickly toggle between three
rigs (configured on rig, CW & phone forms)
Ctrl
+ Z Set Focus to DX Spots List
Ctrl +
Shift + A Toggles rig from
transmit to receive
Ctrl +
Shift + C Display Bearing as
compass heading
Ctrl +
Shift + D Display large, floating
DX Spots list form
Ctrl +
Shift + E Auto advance to the
next DX spot on enter
Ctrl +
Shift + F Displays frequency
column in QSO list(contesting programs only)
Ctrl +
Shift + G CW Tab Sends
Message(TSM)
Ctrl +
Shift + H Spot Me
Ctrl +
Shift + J Overrides List
option butons of Last 20 or All (for blind
hams)
Ctrl +
Shift + L Audio Alert of
unconfirmed DX Spots, who are LoTW users(AC
Log Only)
Ctrl +
Shift + M Mode Override (contest
software only)
Ctrl +
Shift + P Hides passwords
for LoTW, Club Log and eQSL(AC
Log only)
Ctrl +
Shift + R Disable rig interface
band and mode updates
Ctrl +
Shift + S Read next serial
number(for blind hams)
Ctrl +
Shift + T Spot DX on
entry(contest software only).
Ctrl +
Shift + W CW Strings mini form.
Ctrl +
Shift + X Clear a DX Spot (the
call you want to clear in the call field).
Ctrl +
Shift + Z Advance to the next DX
Spot(rig interface must be enabled).
Band Map
- Click on a blue area or title bar of the band map to use these:
Ctrl + Shift
+ H Hide the Horizontal /
Vertical button
Ctrl +
Shift + L Disables display
of LoTW users as Red spots(AC Log only)
Ctrl +
Shift + N Disables display new
multipliers as italic
F Band map will follow
rig's frequency.
Shift
+ C Clears band map
Rig
Keyboard Fine Tuning(with rig interface enabled):
SSB:
Ctrl +
Left / Right(large jump) : +-500 Hz
Ctrl +
Shift + Left / Right(medium jump) : +-150 Hz
Ctrl +
Up / Down(small jump) : +-50 Hz
Ctrl +
Shift + Up / Down(tiny jump) : +-10 Hz
CW /
DIG:
Ctrl +
Left / Right(large jump) : +-250 Hz
Ctrl +
Shift + Left / Right(medium jump) : +-80 Hz
Ctrl +
Up / Down(small jump) : +-20 Hz
Ctrl +
Shift + Up / Down(tiny jump) : +-5 Hz
7. ITU Recommended Phonetics
|
Alfa |
Echo |
India |
Mike |
Quebec |
Uniform |
Yankee |
|
Bravo |
Foxtrot |
Juliet |
November |
Romeo |
Victor |
Zulu |
|
Charlie |
Go |
Kilo |
Oscar |
Sierra |
Whiskey |
|
|
Delta |
Hotel |
Lima |
Papa |
Tango |
X-Ray |
|